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Vermont Public Records and the Right to Know:
What are the Policy Reasons behind the Right to Know?
| Vermont Public Records |

This Guide was published in 2003 and is no longer being updated. Please see the Right To Know website for more information.

Vermont’s right to know statutes are derived from Article 6, Chapter I of the Vermont Constitution. Public record laws clarify Article 6th’s mandate that officers of the government be accountable to the people “in a legal way.” Article 6th is referenced in 1 V.S.A. § 315, the statement of policy for the access to records section. A further statement of policy is found in 3 V.S.A. § 218 (a).

See Case Law for 1 V.S.A. §315


Vermont Constitution, Chapter 1 Article 6

 Article 6th [Officers servants of the people]

That all power being originally inherent in and consequently derived from the people, therefore, all officers of government, whether legislative or executive, are their trustees and servants; and at all times, in a legal way, accountable to them.


1 V.S.A. § 315 Statement of Policy

It is the policy of this subchapter to provide for free and open examination of records consistent with Chapter I, Article 6 of the Vermont Constitution. Officers of government are trustees and servants of the people and it is in the public interest to enable any person to review and criticize their decisions even though such examination may cause inconvenience or embarrassment. All people, however, have a right to privacy in their personal and economic pursuits, which ought to be protected unless specific information is needed to review the action of a governmental officer. Consistent with these principles, the general assembly hereby declares that certain public records shall be made available to any person as hereinafter provided. To that end, the provisions of this subchapter shall be liberally construed with the view towards carrying out the above declaration of public policy.

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3 V.S.A. § 218(a) Agency/Department Records Management Program

(a)  The general assembly finds that public records are essential to the administration of state and local government.  Public records contain information which allows government programs to function, provides officials with a basis for making decisions, and ensures continuity with past operations.  Public records document the legal responsibilities of government, help protect the rights of citizens, and provide citizens a means of monitoring government programs and measuring the performance of public officials.  Public records provide documentation for the functioning of government and for the retrospective analysis of the development of Vermont government and the impact of programs on citizens.  Public records in general and archival records in particular need to be systematically managed to preserve their legal, historic, and informational value, to provide ready access to vital information, and to promote the efficient and economical operation of government.

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Case Law for 1 V.S.A. § 315

Grievances against a Public Body:

The Court in Trombley v. Bellows Falls Union High School District 160 Vt. 101(1993) found that "unless an exemption applies, the right of access under this subchapter extends to grievance decisions and related documents against a public body."

 Liberally Construed:

 In Trombley v. Bellows Falls Union High School District 160 Vt. 101(1993) the court found that 1 V.S.A. § 315, should be "construed liberally." 

 The Court in Finberg v. Murnane 159 Vt. 431(1992) also held that the right to public access should be liberally construed because "policy considerations clearly favor the right of access to public records and public documents."

 Motive is Irrelevant:

The Court in Finberg v. Murnane 159 Vt. 431(1992) found that "Motive is irrelevant to the right of access under this subchapter."  This finding was also cited by the courts in: Welch v. Seery 138 Vt. 126(1980), Lucas v. Hahn 162  Vt. 456 (1994), New England Coalition for Energy Efficiency & Environment v. Office of Governor 164 Vt. 337(1995), The Burlington Free Press v. University of Vermont 172 Vt. 303 (2001).

 Note: Case law summaries come in pertinent part from Vt. Stat. Ann. 1§ 315 (West, Westlaw through 2003).

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